What Are Organic Agriculture Practices?

Organic agriculture practices refer to the means of producing food in a way that protects the environment, maintains healthy soil, encourages biodiversity and utilises renewable resources. 

Despite common misconception, organic farming isn’t just about banning the use of chemicals and pesticides. Instead, it means working with nature rather than against it and supplementing those efforts with approved substances and pest control techniques. 

In contrast to conventional farming, which focuses on the crop yield, organic farming has a more holistic approach. Soil management, crop rotation, natural pest control and the use of natural fertilizers are essential elements of the farming practices in organic production. The end goal is to produce healthy food products which are grown in a harmonious and balanced partnership with nature. 

With organic agriculture practices, prevention is better than cure. This means preserving ecosystems, maintaining the soil, using crop cover and encouraging biodiversity. Conventional farms rely on artificial fertilizers, chemical pesticides and monoculture practices.

Key Practices in Organic Farming

  • Crop Rotation

    An important aspect of organic agriculture practices is crop rotation. This means planting different crops on the same piece of land across a sequence of growing seasons. The aim of this is to avoid depleting the soil of its nutrients such as nitrogen which can happen with monoculture farming practices. 

    By diversifying the type of crops planted, the soil nutrients can be optimized as different plants require different nutrients and consume varying amounts. This practice contributes to the long term health of the soil. 

    Further benefits of crop rotation are natural pest and disease control. When one crop is continually planted, it becomes a draw for insects which feed on it and know they have a continual food source. In conventional farming, this problem is dealt with by spraying pesticides. 

    Organic farming simply interrupts the cycle of pests by changing the crop. This simultaneously increases biodiversity in the area by attracting different pollinators and insects. 

    Simple crop rotation can be swapping two or three different crops around while a more complex system can involve up to a dozen different crops grown sequentially in the same area.

  • Composting

    Taking care of the soil is fundamental to organic agriculture practices. Composting improves the soil structure, increases nutrient levels and helps to minimise soil erosion. Where there is heavy, clay soil, compost aids drainage while for lighter soils, it increases moisture retention, essential in times of drought.

    The use of heavy farm machinery increases the pressure put on the land. With high-quality, natural manure, the soil is more resistant to compaction. Synthetic fertilizers do not have this benefit and after time become less effective with overuse. They can even lead to nutrient overload which can be detrimental to plant roots and contaminate water sources.

    With good soil management, organic production is made much easier. The ground that crops are grown in is literally the foundation of great quality produce, from our farm to your shelf.

  • Natural Pest Control

    An integrated and systemic approach for pest control is needed in organic production as there is limited use of agricultural chemicals. Certain insects can also be beneficial, eating crop damaging pests and acting as pollinators so it’s counterproductive to eliminate all of them by spraying.

    Organic crops are grown in harmony with nature and the environment so it’s only right that a natural method of control is used for pests. This increases sustainability by avoiding chemicals.

    Rodents, birds, insects and nematodes can wreak havoc on crops if left unchecked. Crop rotation, soil treatment, plant selection for disease resistance, strip cropping and insect traps are all part of an integrated pest management system that can be used.

    The use of predators, such as ladybugs which eat aphids, or parasitoids which develop within a host and kill them after maturation, to protect crops is a natural solution and widely used. 

Soil Management: Improving Soil Fertility Without Synthetic Fertilizers

Soil management is the cornerstone of organic agriculture practices. Good quality organic matter produces a healthy soil which in turn gives rise to excellent produce. Root systems are strong, the belowground ecosystem is healthy and moisture retention or drainage are improved depending on the soil type.

The use of manure or compost in produce farming improves soil fertility, increases nutrients and adds moisture management capabilities. All of which are ideal for growing high quality fruit and vegetables without the need for synthetic fertilizers.

Green manure can be grown as part of a crop rotation cycle or reintroduced into the soil to increase fertility. Cover crops are grown between cash crops to mitigate nutrient loss, improve soil condition and manage weeds. 

Using Organic Inputs to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Soil carbon sequestration, the capture and storing of carbon compounds in the ground, reduces greenhouse gas emissions. This is sometimes known as regenerative agriculture or carbon farming. Using organic inputs such as green manure or compost can increase the capacity and ability of the soil to sequester carbon.

Putting organic matter in the ground means that it is broken down by bacteria rather than by oxygen as when exposed to the air, therefore less emissions are released into the atmosphere. The use of organic material also reduces the need to produce synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which contributes to lower greenhouse gases. 

The Benefits of Organic Agriculture

Rather than fighting against the environment, organic agriculture practices work with natural resources while also being committed to protecting and preserving them. Although it’s not as convenient as some conventional approaches, such as spraying chemical pesticides or artificial fertilizers, organic farmers are committed to the future of their industry. 

The closed loop approach encourages the growers of organic produce to recycle and make use of what is to hand, whether that is water, manure or natural barriers to insects. This in turn promotes long-term sustainability and a healthier planet. 

By focusing on agricultural systems that work in tandem with nature, organic growers reduce the amount of energy used to grow food and create less harmful emissions.

Why Organic Crops Are Healthier for Consumers and the Planet

There are many reasons why organic crops are healthier both for consumers and for the planet. Organic agriculture practices avoid the use of chemicals so there is less concern for consumers about what they are putting into their bodies. There is a list of approved substances that organic growers can use on their crops and where possible natural products are used. 

Protecting the soil, air and water sources from contamination by toxic chemicals is a driving force behind many organic processes. Natural organic materials for improving the soil or protecting crops will not leach into ponds, rivers or streams. Instead, this compost augments the soil, feeds it and provides a healthy ecosystem for crop root growth. 

The future of food production will depend on how the soil is treated. Therefore, engaging in organic agriculture practices is a way of safeguarding the supply of healthy fresh fruit and vegetables for decades to come.

How organic farms manage pest control naturally

Organic farms avoid using toxic methods for pest control and instead employ organic agriculture practices to overcome this issue as well as using only naturally occurring substances. Crop rotation, biological pest control and enhancing the biodiversity of the soil are used as part of organic farming. 

Only pesticides which have been approved under Canadian Organic Standards can be used in organic farming.